A Water Quality Bibliography for Amphibians

Arthur, J. and J. Eaton (1971). "CHLORAMINE TOXICITY TO THE AMPHIPOD GAMMARUS PSEUDOLIMNAEUS AND THE FATHEAD MINNOW(PIMEPHALES PROMELAS)." amphipods (gammarus pseudolimnaeus) were subjected to 96 hr and 15 week exposures, and fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) to a 21 week exposure of various chloramine concentrations under continuous flow conditions. The most marked sublethal effects were reductions in the number of young produced by the amphipod and of eggs produced by the minnow. The 96 hr median tolerance limit (tlm-50) for the amphipod was 0.220 mg/l total chloramine. Fathead minnows in the long term study were all killed at the highest concentration, 0.154 mg/l total chloramine, within three days. The lowest measured total chloramine concentration in the long term tests having no significant effect was less than 0.0034 mg/l for the amphipod and 0.0165 mg/l for the fathead minnow. (legore-washington)